夏季茶鲜叶加工花香型黄茶的品质变化研究

Study on the Quality Change of Fragrant Yellow Tea Processed from Summer Fresh Tea Leaves

以茶树品种碧香早夏季一芽一叶鲜叶为原料,在传统黄茶的摊放工艺中引入可激发花香品质形成的晒青和摇青工艺,探讨了利用晒青和摇青工艺技术加工花香型黄茶的可行性,以期为黄茶的提质加工和夏秋茶资源的综合利用提供参考。试验通过感官与理化品质分析,结果表明,在传统黄茶加工的摊放工序中科学融入晒青、摇青工艺技术,可加工出具有花香品质的夏季黄茶,相较于传统工艺黄茶,氨基酸、可溶性糖、茶黄素含量分别相对增加了3.90%、33.78%和19.05%,而茶多酚、酯型儿茶素含量相对分别降低了2.31%及2.88%,酚/氨比值、酯型儿茶素/总儿茶素比值分别降低了6.02%与10.77%,茶汤苦涩滋味减轻;同时香气品质成分更加丰富,正辛醛、水杨酸辛酯、苯甲醛、橙花基丙酮、4-[2,2,6-三甲基-7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚-1-基]-3-丁烯-2-酮等香气组分显现或相对含量提高。传统黄茶加工工艺中引入晒青和摇青,可加工有特色的花香型黄茶。

Using one bud and one leaf of tea variety Bixiang in summer as raw material,the sun-withering and rotating processes which can stimulate the formation of flower aroma quality were introduced into the spreading process of traditional yellow tea,and the feasibility of using sun-withering and rotating technology to process fragrant yellow tea was discussed,in order to provide a reference for improving the quality and processing of yellow tea and comprehensive utilization of tea resources in summer and autumn.Through the analysis of sensory and physical and chemical quality,the results showed that the summer yellow tea with floral quality could be processed by scientifically integrating the technology of sun-withering and rotating in the spreading process of traditional yellow tea processing.Compared with the traditional yellow tea,the contents of amino acids,soluble sugar and theaflavins increased by 3.90%,33.78%and 19.05%respectively,while the contents of tea polyphenols and ester catechins decreased by 2.31%and 2.88%respectively,and the ratio of phenol/ammonia and ester catechin/total catechin decreased by 6.02%and 10.77%respectively,and the bitter taste of tea liquor decreased.At the same time,the aroma quality components were more abundant,such as n-octanal,octyl salicylate,benzaldehyde,orangeacetone,4-[2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptyl]-3-butene-2-one appeared or the relative content increased.The traditional yellow tea processing technology introduces sun-withering and rotating processes,which can process fragrant yellow tea with unique quality.