仿野生栽培的两种猴头菌营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Ingredients of Two Hericium Species Cultivated in Simulated Wild Conditions

以北京山区林下仿野生栽培的两种猴头菌(猴头菌H.erinaceus,HE5和珊瑚状猴头菌H.coralloides,SH2)子实体为材料,比较其多糖、三萜和矿质元素含量及氨基酸组成等,并采用国际通用标准对其蛋白质营养价值进行评价。结果表明:两种猴头菌子实体含有较高的多糖和三萜类物质,含量分别为6.29%~7.04%、1.84%~2.61%,并且这两类物质在SH2中的含量显著高于HE5。猴头菌HE5组成蛋白质的必需氨基酸总量与总氨基酸的比值为41.34%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为70.49%,必需氨基酸指数(essential amino acid index,EAAI)为91.31,表明HE5为良好蛋白源。相比较来说,猴头菌SH2的EAAI为80.28,为可用蛋白源。并且,两种猴头菌均含有丰富的矿质元素,尤其是Zn、Fe和Ca含量较高。综上所述,猴头菌HE5达到理想蛋白源标准,具有较高的营养价值;珊瑚状猴头菌SH2含有较高的多糖和三萜等物质,表现出潜在的药用价值,有待于深入研究其关键成分和作用机理。

The fruiting bodies of two Hericium species(H.erinaceus,HE5;H.coralloides,SH2)cultivated in simulated wild conditions in Beijing mountainous area were used as experiment objects.The main nutritional components,polysaccharide,triterpenoids,mineral element content and amino acid composition were analyzed.And the international general evaluation criteria were used to evaluate the nutritional value of protein.The results showed that the two Hericium species were rich in polysaccharide(6.29%-7.04%)and triterpenoids(1.84%-2.61%),and the two components were higher in SH2 than that in HE5.The ratio of total essential amino acids to total amino acids in HE5 was 41.34%,the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was 70.49%and essential amino acid index(essential amino acid index,EAAI)was91.31.HE5 was a good protein source.By contrast,the EAAI of SH2 was 80.28,which was an available protein source.Two Hericium species were also rich in mineral elements,especially Zn,Fe and Ca.The results indicated that HE5 can be as an ideal protein with have high nutritional value and SH2 may have high medicinal value with high polysaccharide and triterpenoids,which need to be further studied.