ICMM评估方法在某铸造企业职业健康风险评估中的应用

Occupational health risk assessment of a foundry enterprise based on ICMM method

目的了解余姚市铸造行业职业病危害因素分布,评估对劳动者健康的影响。方法在进行职业卫生现状调查和职业病危害因素检测基础上,应用国际采矿及金属委员会(ICMM)职业健康风险评估模型对各岗位进行风险评估。结果该铸造企业为中型企业,职业病防护设施效果较差。游离二氧化硅含量为49.6%。矽尘浓度最高的岗位是混砂(总尘为9.1mg/m^3、呼尘为3.1mg/m^3),其次是清砂(总尘为9.0mg/m^3、呼尘为0.7mg/m^3)、浇铸(总尘为4.3mg/m^3、呼尘为2.0mg/m^3)、造型(总尘为3.1mg/m^3、呼尘为1.3mg/m^3)。浓度最低岗位为制膜(总尘为0.6mg/m^3、呼尘为0.6mg/m^3)。ICMM职业健康风险定量评估结果引起尘肺叁期风险,造型和浇铸岗位风险值最高(RR=10000),其次为混砂(RR=6000),清砂(RR=3600),制膜(RR=3000),最低为打磨岗位(RR=1500)。6个岗位均为"不可容忍风险",需采取"立即关停"的措施。定性评估结果制膜岗位为"中等风险",其余岗位为"高风险"。评估结果与职业健康检查结果一致性较好。结论余姚市铸造行业职业危害和对工人健康影响严重,ICMM风险评估模型在铸造企业中具有良好的适用性。

Objective To understand the occupational health status and the impact on the health of workers,in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of occupational diseases in casting industry.Methods On the basis of the survey of occupational health status and detection of occupational hazards,use the ICMM occupational health risk assessment model to assess the risk of various posts.Results The medium-sized foundry enterprise was investigated and the effect of occupational disease protection facilities was poor.The content of free silica in dust was 49.6%.The highest concentration of the silica dust was mixed sand(total dust:9.1 mg/m^3;respirable dust:3.1 mg/m^3),secondly was sand cleaning(total dust:9.0 mg/m^3,0.7 mg/m^3:respirable dust:0.7 mg/m^3),casting(total dust:4.3 mg/m^3,respirable dust:2 mg/m^3), modeling(total dust:3.1 mg/m^3,respirable dust:1.3 mg/m^3).The lowest concentration was film making(total dust:0.6 mg/m^3,respirable dust:0.6 mg/m^3).The results of ICMM quantitative assessment of Ⅲ stage of the silicosis risk showed that the highest risk values were modeling and casting(RR=10000),secondly was mixed sand(RR=6000),sand cleaning(RR=3600),film making(RR=3000)and polish(RR=1500).The all positions were "intolerable risks"and needed to take "immediate shutdown"measures.The result of qualitative assessment was "medium risk"for film making,and the rest was "high risk".It was good consistency between the results of the assessment and the results of occupational health examination.Conclusions The occupational hazards of the foundry industry and the impact on the health of workers in Yuyao City are serious.The ICMM risk assessment model is appropriate to assess the occupational health risk of key worksites in the foundry enterprises.