日本新宗教团体创价学会与公明党之政教关系

A Study of the Political and Religious Relationship Between Soka Gakkai and Komeito

日本新宗教团体创价学会继承日莲正宗"立正安国"的政教合一理念,从20世纪50年代开始,在二战后民主法治环境中积极开展政治活动,于1964年成立公明党。创价学会与公明党之间的关系经历了四个时期:教团主导政教合一时期(1964-1969)、政教分离时期(1970-90年代初)、教团成为政党斗争工具时期(20世纪90年代)、政党保守化与教团集权化时期(2000年至今)。二者关系的变化说明从战后民主化到政治、宗教多元化的今天,宗教势力依然对日本政坛有深远的影响,同时政党的本质属性决定宗教政党必须以夺取政权为最高目标,在复杂多变的现实政治斗争中,宗教政党的政治主张往往与宗教理念发生冲突,形成对其母体教团的反噬效果。

Soka Gakkai, one of the new religion groups in Japan, inherited "Rissho Ankoku ron" the idea of political and religious unity from Nichiren Shoshu, and zealously carried out political activities in the relaxed democratic and rule-of-law environment after World War II, establishing Komeito in 1964. The relationship between Soka Gakkai and Komeito has experienced four periods: Period of political and religious unity led by the religious group(1964 to 1969), Period of separation of church and state(1970 to the early 1990 s), Period of the religious group becoming a tool of the party’s struggle( the 1990 s), Period of conservatization of political party and the centralization of religious group( 2000-present). From the 1970 s, the policy of Komeito gradually deviated from the religious ideology of Soka Gakkai. The change of the relationship between Soka Gakkai and Komeito shows that from post-war democratization to politics and religious pluralism, religious forces still have profound influence on Japanese politics. At the same time, the essential attributes of political parties determine that religious parties must take the political power as the highest goal. In the complex political struggle, the political opinions of religious parties often conflict with religious ideas and form the reaction force to their maternal group.