流体隐喻思维的日汉对比研究

A Comparative Study of Fluid Metaphorical Thinking Between Japanese and Chinese

隐喻是人类认识、加工客观世界的一种基本模式。通过隐喻的跨语言对比研究能揭示出不同语言理解事物时不同的思维方式。以日语「流れ/流れる」的用法为例,从"隐喻广度"和"隐喻深度"两个维度,研究、透视日语和汉语在名词概念化方式上的差异,会发现:虽然汉语也能够通过流体思维对"时间"等名词进行表征,但在日语里这种思维模式是一种基本认知模式,因此,日语对"政治""故事""比赛""沉默"等抽象名词的理解均建基于流体隐喻思维。通过跨语言对比不难发现,借助流体隐喻思维对外部事物进行理解是日语的一大显著特征。

Metaphor is a basic mode for human beings to understand the objective world. When different languages understand or talk about the same thing, they often face the choice of different cognitive models. This paper takes the usage of Japanese "nagare" and "nagareru" as an example, and tries to analyze the differences between Japanese and Chinese in the conceptualization of nouns from the perspectives of "the scope of metaphor" and "the depth of metaphor". The study finds that although Chinese can also use fluid metaphor or to metaphorically represent nouns such as "time", this thinking mode is a basic cognitive mode in Japanese, so abstract nouns such as "politics", "story", "competition" and "silence" in Japanese are based on fluid metaphor. Through the contrastive study between Japanese and Chinese, we can see that it is a remarkable feature that Japanese differs from Chinese to think about objective things by means of fluid metaphor.