俄罗斯变奏:多民族共同体的历史镜像

Russian Variations: A Historical Mirror of Multiethnic Communities

自20世纪以来,俄罗斯联邦历经演变,举世瞩目,作为多民族交融的共同体,值得深入考察辨析,可为多民族大国的历史构建提供有益参照。在人种、文化和政治上,俄罗斯联邦具有诸多特点,如:东斯拉夫主体格局、东正教信仰传承、苏维埃政党体系。在促使世界上版图最大的共同体得以产生的成因方面,这些特点各有作用:东斯拉夫主体格局催生出以俄罗斯人为统治的帝国遗产;东正教信仰传承促进了跨民族的宗教凝聚;苏维埃政党体系引申出超民族的联邦结构。俄罗斯共同体变奏的启示就在于多民族共存关系的选择与成败。值得反复追问的是:对于独立自足的人类个体和群体而言,为什么要联合起来,理由何在;如果一定要联,以什么为基础才合理;如何在集中与分权之间做到平衡,达成共同体内的不同而和。这些依然是当今世界多民族国家都需妥善对待的难题。

Since the 20th century,the Russian Federation has evolved and attracted worldwide attention.As a multi-ethnic community,it is worthy of in-depth investigation and analysis,which can provide a useful reference for the historical construction of a multi-ethnic power.In terms of race,culture and politics,the Russian Federation has many characteristics,such as the main structure of Eastern Slavs,the transmission of Orthodox beliefs,and the Soviet party system.These characteristics have their respective roles in contributing to the formation of the largest community in the world-the"Eastern Slavic main structure"gave birth to the imperial heritage ruled by the Russians;the"Orthodox faith inheritance"promoted cross-ethnic religious cohesion;The"Soviet party system"extended the supranational federal structure.The enlightenment of the variations of the Russian Community lies in the choice and success of multi-ethnic coexistence.But the question worthy of repeated considering is:being independent and self-contained human individuals and groups,why do they unit?If it is necessary to unit,on what basis is it reasonable?These questions reflect that it is still a difficult problem for multi-ethnic countries in the world to treat properly with on how to strike a balance between centralization and decentralization so as to reach a difference and harmony within the community.