意大利的非物质文化遗产研究——翁布里亚的“塞加拉维奇亚”民间戏剧

Study on Italian Intangible Cultural Heritage:The Folk Drama of "Sega la vecchia" in Umbria

“塞加拉维奇亚”戏剧是一种在大斋节期间由演出者用乞讨的方式在巡回剧院演出的戏剧,流行于翁布里亚。演出团体由15到20个年轻男性农民组成,穿梭于各个剧场之间,重复表演直到黄昏,以换取鸡蛋和啤酒。在意大利翁布里亚各地区的戏剧版本中,“塞加拉维奇亚”代表性的剧情就是两个锯木工“砍倒”并且试图“锯断”同时也是一棵橡树的“老妇人”。她的老伴上台寻找他的配偶,并且绝望地看着老妇人受伤和“被锯”。然后,经过警察的责任认定,治疗人员骑着毛驴,开始治疗垂死的老妇人。有时候,老妇人会在牧师的“极端表演化治疗”下康复,但更多时候,她会慢慢投入“马拉瓦尔”魔鬼的怀抱。文章旨在保护和记录下这个特殊的正在消逝的非物质文化遗产,同时也对“塞加拉维奇亚”戏剧在新环境下新的表现形式进行研究。

"Sega la vecchia" is a form of itinerant folk drama with begging,played during the mid-Lent in Umbria.The companies-composed of fifteen to twenty young male peasants-move from house to house,repeating the per-formance until dawn,getting eggs and wine in return.In the most common regional(Umbria-Italy)variants,the typical plot is centered on the scene where the two sawyers, "cut down" and try to saw the Old Woman which is,at the same time,an oak tree.The Old Husband enters the scene looking for his spouse,and then he despairs at seeing the Old Woman wounded and "sawed".At this point,after the intervention of the police and the identification of the responsible,the therapeutic operators riding a Donkey,star to cure the dying Old Woman who,however,in some cases recovered only after the extreme unction of the Priest,whereas in other cases she literally goes in the arms of "Maravalle",the Devil.The aim of our work is to preserve,protect and document forms of this particular vanishing intangible cultural heritage and to reflect about the new conditions of representation.