环境犯罪主体新论

New Explanation on the Subject of Environmental Crimes

环境犯罪的主体不仅包括自然人和单位,而且包括国家,国家作为环境犯罪主体限于国际环境犯罪领域。环境犯罪的主体形象经历了由理性人到经验人再到生态人的变迁。生态人形象既尊重人,又尊重自然,不仅承认人的价值,而且承认环境的价值。风险需要、风险意识和风险决策分别从生理、心理和行为三个方面共同揭示环境犯罪的风险主体特征。环境犯罪主体应承担与复杂特殊的环境犯罪相适应的刑事责任方式,环境犯罪刑事责任的立法设置与司法适用应综合考量主体类型、法益类型、环境能否修复等因素。

The subject of environmental crime includes not only natural persons and units,but also the state.As the subject of environmental crime,the state is limited to the field of interna-tional environmental crime.The subject image of environmental crime has undergone a change from rational person to experienced person and then to ecological person.The image of ecological person respects both human and nature,and not only recognizes the value of human but also the value of environment.Risk needs,risk awareness and risk decision-making jointly reveal the risk subject characteristics of environmental crime from three aspects of physiology,psychology and behavior.The main body of environmental crime should bear the criminal responsibility mode sui-table for the complex and special environmental crime.The legislative setting and judicial appli-cation of criminal responsibility for environmental crime should comprehensively consider the main body type,legal interest type,whether the environment can be repaired and other factors.