张大千临摹敦煌壁画时间始末考论

Textual Research into the Time When ZHANG Daqian Copied Dunhuang Frescoes

上世纪四十年代初,国画大师张大千率门人子侄西赴大漠敦煌临摹壁画,遂使世人得以窥见敦煌壁画艺术之真容。关于这段敦煌临摹的经历,艺术界习惯用"面壁三载"来形容张大千一行之艰辛。然则,通过对这段史实的梳理,便会发现张大千敦煌之行实际并不足"三载"。虽然前后耗时共计2年6个月,但是张大千在敦煌和安西的时间加起来却只有1年7个月,实际临摹时间只有13个月,在莫高窟的临摹时间还不足1年。在如此短的时间里临摹出200多幅高质量的壁画作品,更加彰显了张大千敦煌之行伟大的时代价值。

In early years of the 1940 s,the master ZHANG Daqian led his disciples,sons and nephews to western China to copy frescoes in Dunhuang.This gave people a chance to have a look at the artistic treasure.The art circle usually described the ZHANG Daqian’s hard experience "facing wall for 3 years".However,through sorting the history of this period,the author of this paper has found that ZHANG Daqian had not stayed at Dunhuang for three years.Though he spent 2 years and 6 months for his travel,the time he stayed at Dunhuang and Anxi was summed up to 1 year and 7 months.The time he spent for copying was only 13 months.And the time he spent at Mogao Grotto was less than 1 year.In such short time,he copied over200 paintings with high quality.This has fully shown the great value of ZHANG Daqian’s travel to Dunhuang.