论《汉书》中的梦兆类型及其文化内蕴

On Types of Dreams in A Book of Han and Their Cultural Connotations

《汉书》中的梦兆分为感生之梦、暗示国家盛衰的帝王之梦、祖宗神灵之梦、仕宦升迁之梦和以天象示警预示个人灾祸之梦五种类型。这些梦兆反映了汉朝占梦文化的特点。一方面说明班固受"天人感应"学说的影响,笃信梦兆的暗示和警示作用,认为梦兆和国家兴亡,人的祸福,有着密切的联系;另一方面又蕴含着班固"德胜不祥,义厌不惠"儒家思想,认为只有不仁德之人,才会做不祥之梦,然后在现实中遭遇灾祸。

The dreams in A Book of Han can be classified into five types:life dreams,emperors’ dreams implying nation’s thriving and declination,dreams of ancestors and gods,dreams of official promotion,and dreams of natural phenomena foretelling aperson’s disasters.These dreams have reflected characteristics of the divination culture in Han Dynasty.On the one hand,this has shown that BAN Gu was influenced by the doctrine "interaction between the heaven and mankind".He believed in the implication and warning of the dreams and thought that the dreams were closely connected with a nation’s thriving and declination,and a person’s fate.On the other hand,it implies the BAN Gu’s certain Confucian thought which held that only unkind person might make bad dreams and encounter disasters in reality.