脑卒中主要照顾者的准备度和成人依恋对其照顾能力的影响

The influence of preparedness and adult attachment on care ability in stroke patients’ main caregivers

目的探讨脑卒中主要照顾者的照顾能力现状,及照顾者准备度和成人依恋在其中所起的作用。方法使用方便抽样,选择2018年7月-2019年1月间在浙江省2所三甲医院神经内科住院的脑卒中患者223例符合纳入排除标准的主要照顾者作为研究对象。使用基本资料调查表、中文版照顾者准备度量表、亲密关系体验问卷和脑卒中患者照顾者综合照顾能力评估问卷等进行调查。数据导入SPSS 22.0统计学软件,使用t检验和方差分析进行照顾能力影响因素的单因素分析,且有统计学意义的变量进入多元线性回归分析。结果脑卒中主要照顾者的照顾准备度得分为(15.31±4.87)分。依恋回避得分为(3.28±0.76)分,依恋焦虑得分为(3.52±0.83)分。安全型依恋者102人,占45.7%。照顾能力得分为(95.64±23.47)分。多元线性回归结果显示,照顾者准备度、已照顾总时间、患者自理程度、安全型依恋和照顾者文化程度可影响脑卒中主要照顾者的照顾能力(F=28.442,P<0.001),且可解释总变异的55.3%。结论医护人员应关注脑卒中主要照顾者的照顾能力,帮助照顾者做好照顾前的身心准备,根据照顾者的不同依恋类型和文化程度,采取个性化的培训方式,提高其照顾能力,改善患者和照顾者的生活质量。

Objective To explore the current status of care ability in stroke patients’ main caregivers and the effect of care preparedness and adult attachment. Methods There were 223 qualified caregivers collected from Department of Neurology of two tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang province between July 2018 and January 2019 by convenience sampling. The basic data questionnaire, care preparedness scale, experiences in close relationships questionnaire and comprehensive care ability questionnaire of stroke patients’ caregivers were used in the investigation. The data were imported into SPSS 22.0 software. T-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the influencing factors of care ability, and the statistically significant variables were included in multiple linear regression analysis. Results The score of care preparedness was 15.31±4.87. The scores of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were 3.28±0.76 and 3.52±0.83 respectively. The number of safe attachment was 102(45.7%). The score of care ability was 95.64±23.47. The regression results showed that care preparedness, total time of care, self-care degree of patients, safe attachment and educational level could affect the care ability of the main caregivers of stroke(F=28.442, P<0.001), which could explain 55.3% of the total variation. Conclusion Medical staff should pay attention to the care ability of the main caregivers of stroke patients, help them improve care preparedness, adopt individualized training methods according to their different types of attachment and educational level, and improve the quality of life of stroke patients’ and caregivers.