汀州的墟市--以长汀、武平、上杭为例

Bazaars in Tingzhou--Taking Changting,Wuping and Shanghang as Examples

汀州作为客家群体中重要的纽带,有着客家母亲河的汀江,汀江主要流经长汀、武平、上杭,由永定入广东大埔,汇流成韩江。通过对长汀、武平、上杭三地的墟市调查梳理,三地的墟市,为保障村民生活需求,基本上各乡镇皆有一个,三地方言受到墟市因素的影响,大抵皆以墟为集市用语的。三地墟市的设置与形成取决于人群的需要,形成规模依托于区域的人口;宋、明期间墟市的设置上仍旧依托着区域人口中的剩余物资交换;直到民国时航运、陆运的条件改善,随即在墟市数量上得到大量增长;时至今日,墟市的位置都以陆运为基础而存续。乡村之间的墟市功能,是否被新兴产业替代,取决于商业活动的进程和交通易达性。

As an important link among Hakka ethnic group,Tingzhou was home to the Tingjiang River, the mother river of Hakka. The Tingjiang River flowed mainly through Changting, Wuping and Shanghang,from Yongding to Dapu,Guangdong,and converged into the Hanjiang River.Based on the investigation of Changting,Wuping and Shanghang,there was basically one bazaar in each of these counties in order to ensure the villagers’ living needs.Influenced by the market factors,most of the three dialects adopted the market language.The establishment and formation of the bazaars in these three counties depended on the needs of the population,with the formation scale relying on the regional population.During the Song and Ming Dynasties,the establishment of bazaars still relied on the exchange of surplus materials among the regional population. During the period of the Republic of China, the conditions of shipping and land transportation improved, and thus the number of bazaars increased greatly.Today,the location of the bazaars is based on land transportation.Whether the market function of bazaars between villages is now replaced by new industries depends on the process of commercial activities and the accessibility of transportation.