类型学视角下汉语的格配置与语义角色连续统

A typological approach to case-marking patterns and semantic-role continuums in Mandarin Chinese

从类型学的角度将汉语的动词分为主格动词、主宾格动词、通格动词以及主宾格/施通格兼类动词四类。分析发现:1)汉语是一种主宾格和施通格配置兼具的语言;2)借用Dixon(1994)的分裂施格理论揭示了影响汉语格配置模式的因素;3)基于Dowty(1991)的原型理论,在汉语的格配置模式框架下,提出了汉语的语义角色连续统并进行验证,尝试探讨汉语的格标志与语义角色的关系。不同格配置模式下的语义角色连续统为明晰汉语中的不同或特殊句法结构提供了新的研究视角。

This paper explores the inadequacy of existing classification of verbs and case-marking pattern of Mandarin Chinese,and makes a typological classification of verbs of Mandarin Chinese:nominative verbs,nominative-accusative verbs,absolutive verbs and nominative-accusative/ergative-absolutive verbs.The analysis shows that:1)Chinese exhibits a mixed case-marking pattern,namely that nominative-accusative pattern coexists with ergative-absolutive pattern;2)The factors affecting the case-marking pattern of Mandarin Chinese are discussed in terms of the conception of split-ergativity(Dixon 1994);and 3)Based on Dowty’s(1991)proto-role theory,this study proposes continuums of semantic roles under the framework of case-marking pattern of Mandarin Chinese,and the relationship between case-marking and semantic roles is revealed.The continuums of semantic roles provide a new perspective for the research of different or special structures in Mandarin Chinese.