摘要
为了研究受限空间作业过程的事故特性和致因机理,指导人员有效辨识受限空间作业风险,采取正确的应急救援措施。对2012年1月至2018年12月发生的典型受限空间作业过程事故进行了统计,并根据行为安全“2-4”模型对事故致因进行了分析,改变了传统事故原因的分类方法。将事故致因从一次性行为、习惯性行为、运行行为和指导行为4个方面进行划分,将安全管理体系划分为事故的根本原因。结果表明,受限空间作业事故伤害主要来源于气体中毒或窒息,盲目施救是导致受限空间人员伤亡的主要原因。基于行为安全“2-4”模型,提出从个人行为控制和组织行为控制两个层面的受限空间作业事故防控措施,对有效预防受限空间作业和救援事故,降低事故危害程度有指导意义。
In this paper,in order to study the accident characteristics and causes during the operation in confined space,identify effectively the operation risk,and take the correct rescue measures,statistics of accidents occurred in classic confined space from January 2012 to December 2018 is executed.Also,the accident causes are analyzed using behavior safety"2-4"model.The accident causes are divided from four aspects of one-time behavior,habitual behavior,operation behavior and guidance behavior.The safety management system is regarded as basic cause of accidents.The results show that the main sources of accident injuries are gas poisoning and asphyxiation,and the main caused of casualties are unreasonable rescue measures.Accident prevention measures for operation in confined space are put forward from the two aspects of individual behavior and organizational behavior based on behavior safety"2-4"model,which would be helpful for preventing operation and rescue accidents in confined space and reducing the degree of hazard.
作者
康恩胜
王文才
庞文娟
KANG Ensheng;WANG Wencai;PANG Wenjuan(College of Mining and Coal,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010,China;Institute of Mining,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010,China;Coking Plant of Baotou Steel(Group)Corporation,Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010,China)
出处
《安全》
2020年第2期83-87,93,共6页
Safety & Security
