文化遗产等级体系:生成中的价值认知与理解困境

Cultural Heritage Hierarchical System: The Dilemma of Value Cognition and Understanding in the Making

将文化遗产依价值高低定级,从而实施相应等级的保护策略是文化遗产体系建构的显著特征。在中国语境下,传统的文物观逐渐扩展至更为丰富多元的文化遗产观,这种名相之变意味着传统理念在世界遗产体系影响下的价值调试。整体而言,现行的中国文化遗产等级体系是半个世纪以来逐步生成与完善的结果:一方面是从文物(可移动和不可移动)到遗产(物质和非物质)的横向拓展;另一方面是从地方级到国家级再到世界级的纵向延伸。为此,想要深入理解与剖析中国文化遗产等级体系这一"日用而不觉"的现象,首要工作即是对其社会建构过程进行知识考古学的爬梳,进而通过"历史回溯"的方法论路径来探究该体系下文化遗产价值、等级、保护等方面的演变与困境。

According to the value level of cultural heritage,the corresponding level of protection strategy is implemented,which is a significant feature of the construction of cultural heritage system.In the context of China,the traditional view of cultural relics has gradually expanded to a more diversified view of cultural heritage.This change in concept and appearance means the value adjustment of traditional concepts under the influence of the world heritage system.On the whole,the current Chinese cultural heritage hierarchical system is the result of gradual generation and improvement over the past half century.On the one hand,it expands horizontally from cultural relics(movable and immovable) to heritage(tangible and intangible).On the other hand,it is a vertical extension from the local level to the national level and then to the world level.Therefore,in order to deeply understand and analyze the hierarchical system of Chinese cultural heritage,the first task is to carry out the archaeological investigation of its social construction process,and then explore the dilemma caused by the system in terms of protection,utilization,hierarchy and value.