比较法视野下的建设工程合同索赔期限条款的适用——兼评《建设工程施工合同司法解释二》第6条第2款

The Application of Claim Period Clause of Construction Contract through Comparative Method--Comments on Paragraph 2 of Article 6,Judicial InterpretationⅡof Construction Contract

本文运用实证研究和比较研究的方法,研究了索赔期限的法律性质、索赔期限条款的有效性和适用限制,并对《建设工程施工合同司法解释二》第6条第2款规定的"合理抗辩"进行了类型化分析。考虑到索赔期限与除斥期间、诉讼时效、权利失效期间的差异,宜将索赔期限视为当事人约定的期间。大陆法系和普通法系裁判机构逐步认可索赔期限条款的效力;确认索赔期限条款的效力,可以实现及时固定证据、警示发包人、促进合同顺利履行等多种功能。裁判机构应在个案中综合比较发包人和承包人的过错程度,决定是否适用索赔期限条款,同时要审慎地分析承包人提出的抗辩理由,以平衡发包人和承包人的利益。

This article focuses on the legal nature of claim period,validity of claim period clause,and limitations on the application of claim period clause through empirical method and comparative method.This article makes a categorized analysis of"reasonable counterarguments"under Paragraph 2 of Article 6,Judicial Interpretation II of Construction Contract of People’s Supreme Court of the PRC.It is better to define the legal nature of claim period as contractual period since it is different from scheduled period,statute limitation,and right lapse period.Disputes settlement institutions gradually confirm the clause of claim period is valid,which would realize many functions,i.e.evidence collection,notification to project owner,contact performance facilitation,etc.For balancing interests of project owner and contractor of a specific project,disputes settlement institutions should compare the degree of negligence between project owner’s and contractor’s,and prudently analyze contractor’s counterclaims to claim period.