司法如何协助临时仲裁?——法国“助仲法官”制度及其启示

How Can the Court Assist in Ad Hoc Arbitration?--“Juge d’appui”under the French Arbitration Law and Its Reference Value

随着自贸区"特定仲裁"实践的铺开,我国法院必将面临如何协助临时仲裁的问题。对此,法国"助仲法官"制度可提供有益参考。"助仲法官"以协助仲裁庭组庭和仲裁程序顺利开展为己任,其管辖权在国内仲裁中由法国各地大审法院院长行使,在国际仲裁中则由巴黎大审法院院长集中行使。在仲裁地在法国、仲裁程序法为法国法或者当事人已明确赋予法国法院行使与仲裁程序有关的争议的管辖权的情况下,"助仲法官"都可以行使管辖权。我国在未来有必要建立符合自身仲裁实践传统的"助仲法官"制度:首先,在为临时仲裁提供外部协助上,"助仲法官"与仲裁委员会可以相互分工,将指定仲裁员和确定仲裁庭人数的默认权交由后者行使;其次,在涉外仲裁中,可将"助仲法官"管辖权交由最高人民法院国际商事法庭和沿海地区个别法院院长集中行使;最后,在当事人未协议选择"助仲法官"的情况下,"助仲法官"管辖权按仲裁地法院、被申请人住所地法院、申请人住所地法院顺位行使。

With the expansion of"special arbitration"practice in free trade zones,Chinese courts will have to face the issue of how to provide judicial assistance for ad hoc arbitration.In this respect,"Juge d’appui"under the French arbitration law is of great reference value.The mission of the"Juge d’appui"is to assist in the establishment of the arbitral tribunal and the smooth-going of the arbitration proceedings.The jurisdiction of the"Juge d’appui"is undertaken by the president of the"tribunal de grande instance".In the context of international arbitration,it is the president of the Paris"tribunal de grande instance"that takes the centralized role of the"Juge d’appui".When the seat of arbitration is in France or the applicable law of arbitration proceedings is French arbitration law or when parties have agreed that French courts will have the jurisdiction over the matters related to the arbitration proceedings,"Juge d’appui"can claim jurisdiction.It is necessary for China to borrow the French"Juge d’appui"while respecting our own tradition of arbitration practice.First,"Juge d’appui"and Chinese arbitration commissions can collaborate in providing external assistance for ad hoc arbitration with the latter being in charge of designating arbitrators and deciding the number of arbitrators by default.Second,the juridiction of the"Juge d’appui"can be exercised in a centralized way in foreign-related arbitrations by the International Commercial Court of the Supreme People’s Court or the presidents of some specific courts at the coastal areas.Third,without parties’choice by agreement,the jurisdiction of the"Juge d’appui"will be exercised sequentially by the court at the seat of arbitration,the court at the respondent’s domicile and the court at the applicant’s domicile.