论《立法法》第13 条不适用于授权制度试点

Article 13 of Legislation Law is not Applicable to the Empowerment of Pilot Legislative System

在全国人大常委会通过立法决定的方式授权改革或试点的决定中,授权制度试点是一种被误读的授权类型。以立法创制试验为内容的授权制度试点与以变更现行法律实施效力为内容的授权暂时调整法律实施有着本质的区别。《立法法》第13条在进行制度设计时仅考虑了授权暂时调整或暂时停止法律实施的情况,其规范内涵无法通过法律解释涵盖授权制度试点。授权制度试点本质上是一种立法创制试验,尽管可以通过对宪法上全国人大及其常委会概括职权的解释作为其授权的法律依据,但为使“重大改革于法有据”的原则得到彻底的贯彻,应当在《立法法》中有所规范。

Among the legislative decisions made by NPC standing committee for pilot programs,the Empowerment of Pilot Legislative System is a distinctive type that is misunderstood.As a type of empowerment for legislative experiment,it is only applicable to pilot programs whereas formal regulations are absent,which makes it different to other type of empowerment by NPC standing committee,namely,the Empowerment for Temporally Suspending or Adjusting the Enforcement of Laws and Regulations.It seems that while the Article 13 of Legislation Law was designed,the Empowerment of Pilot Legislative System was taken into account,making it impossible to be applied to the latter,even through legislative explanation.The Empowerment of Pilot Legislative System,in essence,is a type of empowerment for the experiment of new legal system,though it can be legalized by explaining the constitutional general legislative of NPC and its standing committee,for a thorough implement of“all major reforms should have legal basis”,it should be enacted into the Legislation Law.