新型冠状病毒肺炎隔离病房医护人员心理压力的影响因素

Influencing factors for psychological stress of health care workers in COVID-19 isolation wards

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)大流行期间隔离病房医护人员心理压力状况,为后期提供针对性的心理干预提供科学依据。方法采用问卷星的形式调查四川省某三甲综合医院隔离病房医护人员的心理压力状况,调查表包括基本情况和心理压力相关量表。结果对感染的焦虑因子得分比较:护士的焦虑程度高于医生(t=2.471,P=0.007)。疲乏因子得分比较:已生育高于未生育(t=2.474,P=0.016);护士高于医生(t=2.714,P=0.009);非感染专业高于感染专业(t=-2.513,P=0.015)。工作负担因子得分比较:工作年限≥20年高于<20年(t=-5.236,P<0.001)。工作动力因子得分比较:工作年限≥20年高于<20年(t=-2.039,P=0.046);采用不同种数途径获取新冠肺炎相关知识的医护人员工作动力因子得分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=4.673,P=0.013)。支持系统因子得分比较:感染专业高于非感染专业(t=2.371,P=0.021);按级别进行防护高于未按级别进行防护(t=2.153,P=0.035)。采用不同种数途径获取新冠肺炎相关知识的医护人员心理压力总得分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=6.668,P<0.001)。结论为使隔离病房一线医护人员尤其是护士、已生育的医护人员以及非感染专业的支援人员在有利的工作环境中以最小的压力应对大流行,应及时更新和提供新冠肺炎相关知识和给予一定的心理支持。

Objective To investigate the psychological stress of health care workers(HCWs)in isolation wards during the pandemic period of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and provide scientific basis for targeted psychological intervention at the later stage.Methods Psychological stress of HCWs in the isolation wards of a tertiary first-class general hospital in Sichuan Province was surveyed by using Questionnaire Star,questionnaire include basic information and psychological stress-related scale.Results Comparison in score of anxiety factors for infection:nurses were more anxious than doctors(t=2.471,P=0.007).Comparison in fatigue factor score:HCWs who having given birth was higher than not having given birth(t=2.474,P=0.016);nurses were higher than doctors(t=2.714,P=0.009);non-infection specialty was higher than infection specialty(t=-2.513,P=0.015).Comparison in work load factor score:working years≥20 years was higher than<20 years(t=-5.236,P<0.001).Comparison in work motivation factor score:working years≥20 years was higher than<20 years(t=-2.039,P=0.046);work motivation factor score of HCWs who obtained knowledge about COVID-19 through different number of ways was significantly different(F=4.673,P=0.013).Comparison in support system factor score:infection specialty was higher than non-infection specialty(t=2.371,P=0.021);protection according to protective level was higher than protection not by protective level(t=2.153,P=0.035).Overall psychological stress score of HCWs who obtained knowledge about COVID-19 through different number of ways was sifnificantly different(F=6.668,P<0.001).Conclusion In order to make frontline HCWs in isolation wards(especially nurses,HCWs who have given birth,and HCWs of non-infection specialty)to cope with the pandemic at minimum stress in a favorable working environment,knowledge on COVID-19 should be updated and provided timely,psychological support should be given.