欧洲中世纪后期城堡与中国明清传统堡寨之防御性格比较

Comparison of the Defensive Characters Between European Late Medieval Castles and Traditional Fort-Type Settlements in Ming and Qing Dynasties in China

外围线性设防是堡寨建筑或聚落的基本特征,传统社会中的堡寨形式在东西方有着分属各自文化体系的具体表达。中世纪后期是欧洲城堡发展的黄金时期,明清则是中国传统堡寨聚落的成熟阶段,建筑形式和建造手法等皆趋近完善。文章立足于中西方文化比较,在分别论述欧洲中世纪后期与中国明清的这两种形式堡寨的发生背景和发展概况的基础上,着重于其防御性格异同的辨析,最终得出在不同文化背景下堡寨这种特殊建筑形式的发展差异。

Peripheral linear fortification is the basic feature of fort-type buildings or settlements. The fort-type form, which is defensive in the traditional society, has a specific expression of its own cultural system in the east and west. The late middle Ages was the golden age of the development of European castles and the ming, while ming and Qing Dynasties were the mature stage of the traditional Chinese forttype settlements. Architectural forms and construction techniques are getting closer to perfection during the period. The paper is established on the comparison of Chinese and Western cultures. Based on the background and development of two forms of fort-type in late medieval Europe and the ming and Qing Dynasties respectively, this paper discusses the similarities and differences of their defensive characters and then summarizes the development difference of the fort-type architectural form in different cultural backgrounds.