土家寨建筑历史演化与形制研究——以贵州省江口县云舍村为例

Research on the Historical Evolution and Form of Tujiazhai Architecture——A Case of Yunshe Village in Jiangkou County,Guizhou

土家族村寨建筑现主要分布于我国湘鄂黔渝地区,有非常强的地域性,其建筑形制反映了当地特殊地理环境、经济条件、文化的影响。本文以贵州省铜仁市云舍村土家族传统建筑筒子屋为例,研究土家族传统建筑在漫长的历史演化过程中形成的变化。云舍村土家族村寨的历史演化与大多数土家族地区建筑一样经历了早期的穴居到巢居,之后随着干栏式建筑的传入,结合中原地区堂屋建筑形制才形成了我们今天看到的村寨。

The Tujia village buildings are mainly distributed in Hunan,Hubei and Chongqing,and have a very strong regional character.The architectural shape reflects the influence of special geographical environment,economic conditions and culture.This paper takes the traditional Tujia house of Yunshe Village in Tongren,Guizhou as an example to study the changes that the traditional Tujia traditional buildings have undergone during the long historical evolution.The historical evolution of Tujia village in Yunshe Village has experienced the same evolution process from cave dwellings to nesting in most Tujia nationality areas.Later,with the introduction of dry-column architecture and the formation of Zhongyuan architecture,the shape of the buildings in the village has formed what we see today.