数据共享的制度去障与司法应对研究

Research on Institutional Obstacle Removal and Judicial Response of Data Sharing

互联互通的大数据时代,数据不再是一座孤岛,数据的价值在于融合与挖掘,数据共享有利于促进数据的融合与治理,提升数据价值,推动数字经济和公共治理的发展,甚至是国家在跨境数据流动规则上掌握主导权的重要手段。但数据共享活动的负外部性已然成为数据共享发展中不可回避的问题,制度层面上数据共享的治理理论缺失,同时数据保护的规制失灵架空信息保护理论,实践层面上利益需求的差异导致难以制定数据共享规则,司法层面上针对数据共享引发的争议应对能力不足,个体层面上数据共享背景下用户“隐私”的“积极向外建立个人的社会联系”和“消极消灭或隐藏个人的社会关系”的两个需求向度难以有效平衡。解决数据共享中的制度障碍,充分发挥司法应对功能,是促进数据共享的必经之路。

In the era of interconnected big data,data is no longer an island,and the value of data lies in fusion and mining.Data sharing is conducive to promoting the integration and governance of data,enhancing the value of data,and promoting the development of the digital economy and public governance,furthermore,data sharing an im portant means for the state to hold the leading role in the rules of cross-border data flow.However,the negative exter nality of data sharing activities has become an unavoidable problem in its development.There exits issues such as the lack of governance theory for data sharing at the institutional level,regulatory failure of data protection deviates the information protection theory,differences in interests at the practical level make it difficult to formulate data sharing rules,insufficient ability to respond to disputes caused by data sharing at the judicial level and difficulties in effectively balancing the two demand dimensions of“privacy”which includes“actively establishing personal social connections”and“negatively eliminating or hiding personal social relationships”of users in the context of data shar ing at the individual level.Conclusively,solving the institutional obstacles in data sharing and giving full play to the judicial response function is the only way to promote data sharing.