民国时期大学入学考试方式研究

Selection Approach of College Admissions in the Period of Republic of China

民国时期大学入学考试呈现以下特点:多种考试形式并存,但单独考试是主流;考试数量多、种类杂,多次数、多层次、多类型的考试并存。单独考试的“教育效益”高,统一考试的“社会效益”高,双方对立互补。多样性考试最大的优点是满足了考生和大学多样化、个性化的需求,其缺点是标准混乱、程度不齐,加重了学生的负担。民国时期大学入学考试方式赖以形成的根源是,大学拥有独立的招考权,大学招生按照市场机制运行。多样性、单独考试对当代高考改革具有一定的借鉴意义。

During the period of the Republic of China,the college entrance examination was characterized by the following features:various forms of examination coexisted while the individual examination was the mainstream;there were a great number of examinations in different kinds,rounds,levels and types,which coexisted with each other.The“educational benefit”of individual examination is high while the“social benefit”of unified examination is high.The biggest advantage of diversity examination is to meet the diversified and individualized needs of examinees and universities.Its disadvantage is that the standards are confused and the degree is uneven,which increases the burden of students.In the period of the Republic of China,the way of university entrance examination was based on the fact that the university had the independent right of entrance examination and the university enrollment was operated according to the market mechanism.The diversity and individual examination can be used for reference in the reform of college entrance examination.