高等教育国际化的阶段特征与挑战

Stage Characteristics and Challenges of Internationalization of Contemporary World Higher Education

全球化背景下的高等教育国际化成为各国高等教育发展的主流趋势。追溯当代世界高等教育国际化的历史脉络,可以发现当代世界高等教育国际化以冷战结束为界点,分为两个阶段,且两个阶段的特征各不相同:在兴起与发展阶段,政治意识形态成为高等教育国际化的重要动因,发达国家处于高等教育国际化的核心位置,师生流动是高等教育国际化的主要要素;在新阶段,经济利益等成为高等教育国际化的新动因,发展中国家成为高等教育国际化新增长点,信息互通成为高等教育国际化的新要素。当代世界高等教育国际化仍然面临诸多挑战,在高等教育国际化进程中:人才流失严重;文化殖民倾向和商业化倾向严重;国际化和本土化存在冲突。中国要充分把握高等教育国际化发展特征,因势利导推动高等教育国际化。

The internationalization of higher education in the context of globalization has become the mainstream trend of higher education development in various countries.Tracing the historical context of the internationalization of higher education in the contemporary world,researchers can find out that the internationalization of higher education in the contemporary world is divided into two stages with the end of the Cold War:the rise and development stage and the new stage,and the characteristics of the two stages are different:in the rise and development stage,political ideology has become an important driver of internationalization of higher education.Developed countries are at the core of internationalization of higher education.The flow of teachers and students is the main element of internationalization of higher education.In the new stage,economic interests and other factors have become new drivers of internationalization of higher education.China has become a new growth point for internationalization of higher education,and information exchange has become a new element of internationalization of higher education.The internationalization of higher education in the contemporary world is still facing many challenges.In the process of internationalization of higher education:serious brain drain;serious cultural colonization and commercialization;and conflicts between internationalization and localization.China must fully grasp the characteristics of the development of internationalization of higher education,and take advantage of the situation to promote the internationalization of higher education.