多水源交替灌溉模式对玉米生长特性及产量的影响

Effects of alternative irrigation with multiple water sources on growth characteristics and yield of maize

为了节约地表淡水资源,以玉米为指示作物,通过大田试验对井水(地下微咸水)、渠水(地表淡水)2种水源联合灌溉模式进行研究,试验设置8个多水源交替灌溉模式:井井井(JJJ)、井井渠(JJQ)、井渠井(JQJ)、渠井井(QJJ)、井渠渠(JQQ)、渠渠井(QQJ)、渠井渠(QJQ)、渠渠渠(QQQ)及空白对照的处理。研究较适宜的多水源交替灌溉模式对玉米生长特性、产量及水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明:灌溉井水次数的增加,对玉米的叶片生长及地上地下部生物量的积累有不同程度的抑制作用,其中QJQ处理与QQQ处理在地上部生物量积累上无显著差异。拔节期灌溉井水对玉米穗的外观形态及产量影响最大且土壤积盐程度较高,其次为灌浆期,抽雄期最小。QJQ处理的水肥利用效率均高于其他灌溉模式,且与QQQ无显著差异。综上所述,考虑玉米叶片生长、生物量积累、产量及水肥利用效率等因素的基础上,QJQ处理为当地较适宜的多水源交替灌溉模式,既有利于玉米作物生长和保证玉米产量,还可节约地表淡水资源。

In order to save surface freshwater resources,two kinds of combined irrigation modes including well water(under ground brackish water)and canal water(surface freshwater) were studied through field experiment,using cornas an indicator crop.Eight alternative irrigation modes were set up:well-well-well(JJJ),well-well-canal(JJQ),well-canal-well(JQJ),canal-well-well(QJJ),well-canal-canal(JQQ),canal-canal-well(QQJ),canal-wellcanal(QJQ),canal-canal-canal(QQQ),and blank control were used in the experiment.The effects of the suitable alternative irrigation mode on the growth characteristics,yield and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize were studied. The results showed that increase of irrigation water frequency,leaf growth and above ground biomass accumulation in maize were restrained at different degrees,and there was no significant difference between QJQ and QQQ in above ground biomass accumulation.Irrigation of well waterat jointing stage had the greatest effect on appearance and yield of maize ears,and the soil salt accumulation degree was higher,followed by filling stage,and it was the minimum at tasseling stage.The utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer of QJQ was higher than those of other irrigation modes,and there was no significant difference with QQQ.To sum up,considering the factors of maize leaf growth,biomass accumulation,yield and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,QJQ treatment is more suitable for the local alternative irrigation mode,which is beneficial to the growth of corn crops and yield,and can also save surface freshwater resources.