公共就业政策的变革与驱动机制

Public Employment Policy: Change and Driving Mechanism

就业是最大的民生,深化公共就业政策改革是推动我国公共就业发展的必经之路。本文在注意力配置理论的基础上,以中央政府工作报告为主要研究材料,通过文本分析和扎根理论的研究方法,探究了改革开放以来我国公共就业政策的变革过程与驱动机制。研究发现,改革开放以来国家在顶层设计上越来越重视公共就业问题;公共就业政策变革中经历了双轨制就业政策、市场化就业政策、积极的就业政策以及就业优先战略政策阶段,不同阶段政策措施发生了较大变化;其中经济发展形势、劳动力供给状况和党的执政理念是驱动公共就业政策变革的关键因素。未来中央政府应赋予地方政府更多的公共就业政策创新空间,各级政府在政策改革中应充分考虑党的执政理念、注重经济增长的就业弹性和人口质量红利的开发。

Employment is the biggest livelihood, deepening the reform of public employment system is the only way to promote the development of public employment in China. Based on the theory of attention allocation and the central government work report as the main research material, this paper explores the adjustment process and driving mechanism of China’s public employment policy since the reform and opening up through text analysis and grounded theory. The research finds that since the reform and opening up, the position-ing of public employment in the top-level design of policy has been continuously improved. The public employment policy has experi-enced the stages of dual-track employment policy, market-oriented employment policy, active employment policy and employment priority strategic policy. Among them, economic development situation, labor supply situation and the party’s governing philosophy are the key factors driving the adjustment of public employment policy. In the future, the central government should endow local governments with more space for innovation in public employment policies, and governments at all levels should give full consideration to the party’s gov-erning philosophy, pay attention to the employment elasticity of economic growth and the development of demographic dividend in policy adjustment.