美国城市道路分级方法及启示

Classification Method and Enlightenment of Urban Roads in United States

介绍了美国城市道路分级的原理和方法。分级原理为:解析道路在出行路径中不同的功能层级,定义机动性和可达性两项定性指标用以描述道路功能属性。具体分级为主干路、次干路、集散路和地方路。对美国和我国城市道路分级方法进行了类比,阐述并分析存在的指标差异。最后,对当前我国城市道路规划设计实践中与道路分级相关的若干问题进行了梳理,提出了观点和建议,并对机动性、可达性评价指标在道路规划设计中的运用,以及准快速路标准在中等规模城市的应用进行了总结。

The classification principle and method of urban roads in United States are introduced.The classification principle is to analyze the different functional levels of road in the travel path,and to define two qualitative indexes of maneuverability and reachability to describe the functional attribute of roads.The specific classification of main roads,secondary roads,distribution roads and local roads is introduced.The classification methods of urban roads in United States and China are compared.And the existing index differences are expounded and analyzed.Finally,several issues in the planning and design practices of urban roads related to the road classification are sorted out.The viewpoints and suggestions are put forward.The application of maneuverability and reachability evaluation indexes in the road planning and design,and the application of expressway standards in medium-sized cities are summarized.