论民间故事“刘伶醉酒”的历史传承

On the Historical Inheritance of the Folk Story "Liu Ling is Drunk"

民间故事"刘伶醉酒"在我国多地流传,几乎家喻户晓。魏晋时期,刘伶醉酒的传说开始出现,最初只是传言刘伶"醉死",之后他又被附会为醉酒三年甚至十年;到了清代,又有刘伶拜访杜康以及醉饮"千日酒"等传说。从魏晋至清代,刘伶醉酒的传说是片段式的、文学典故式的,或在近代才定型。刘伶嗜酒之史实是"刘伶醉酒"故事发生的基础与背景。在故事情节结构方面,"刘伶醉酒"故事传承了"玄石醉酒"故事与"赵英醉酒"故事,它们共同构成"千日酒"型故事。在内容方面,"刘伶醉酒"故事还吸收了杜康造酒传说、仪狄造酒传说等内容。另外,整个"千日酒"型故事与中山国人擅长酿酒的传说或事实有关。

The folk story "Liu Ling is drunk" has been widely spread in China. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the legend of Liu Ling’s drunk begins to appear. At first, it is only spoke that Liu Ling is drunk,later he is affiliated with drunk for three or even ten years. In the Qing Dynasty, there are legends such as Liu Ling visiting Du Kang and drinking " Qian Ri Jiu". From Wei Jin to Qing Dynasty, Liu Ling’s drunken legend is fragmentary, literary allusion, or the story may be shaped in modern times. The fact that Liu Ling is addicted to alcohol is the basis and background for the story of "Liu Ling’s drunk". In terms of the structure of the story, "Liu Ling is drunk" inherits the story of "Xuanshi drunk" and the story of "Zhao Ying drunk",which together constitutes the story of "Thousand Days Wine". In terms of content, the story of "Liu Ling is drunk" also absorbs the legends of Dukang’s brewing legend and Yidi’s brewing legend. In addition, the whole story of "Thousand Days Wine" is related to the legend or fact that the people of Zhongshan are good at making wine.