美国贸易政策的历史逻辑与时代特征:特朗普与里根政府政策比较

The Historical Logic and Characteristics of American Trade Policy:A Comparative Study between the Trump and Reagan Administration

本文通过论述美国政府贸易政策演变的历史逻辑,尤其是通过对特朗普政府和里根政府的贸易政策比较,分析特朗普政府贸易政策的理念、特征、影响及其约束条件,指出特朗普政府延续了美国以贸易政策实现全球扩张的历史主线,与里根政府时期的贸易政策理念有共通之处。但面对市场、技术、政治的新形势,特朗普政府的贸易政策在理论依据、目标、对象、内容、执行过程、策略等方面都体现出新的特征,特朗普政府的贸易政策表现出重商主义、保护主义、单边主义等特点,对国际经济形势将产生负面的影响,但存在内在的约束条件会制约影响极端化。

The article explores the ideological concept,characteristics,impact,and constraints of the trade policy of Trump administration by tracing the fundamental evolving logic of US trade policies in history,and particularly,by comparing the trade policy of the Trump Administration to that of the Reagan Administration.The article finds that the trade policy of Trump Administration is mainly in line with the global expansionist policy of the US,and shares similarities with the trade policy of the Reagan Administration.However,confronting the new situations in market,technology,and politics,the Trump Administration’s trade policy presents new characteristics in terms of theoretical basis,objectives,targets,content,implementation,and tactics,and also echoes the features of mercantilism,protectionism and unilateralism.Though the Trump administration’s trade policy has casted negative impact on global economy,there exist internal constraints to keep the impact from running to extremes.