儿童活动空间的去自然化及自然环境的教育价值

Denaturalization of Children’s Activity Space and the Educational Value of Natural Environment

伴随城市化和工业化的进程,儿童逐渐远离自然环境,集中表现在儿童的活动与学习空间从田野自然转向人工化的室内游乐场。自然环境充满丰富而新奇的自然元素,并为儿童提供多元的感官体验和冒险的机会,因而儿童在自然环境中的活动具有创造性,能够促进儿童认知、情感和品格的正向发展。儿童长期频繁地与自然接触,有利于其身体、心理和精神的全面发展。面对儿童与自然疏离的现状,研究者和教育者可以通过改造学校和社区的物理环境,创建自然化的儿童游戏场所,也可以采取形式丰富的基于自然的教育,使儿童重新回归自然。儿童通过重新回到自然环境中活动与学习,可增进与自然的连结,进而降低问题行为发生的比例,并增进环保等亲社会行为。

With the process of urbanization and industrialization,children are gradually away from the natural environment,which is mainly reflected in the change of children’s playing and learning space from nature to artificial indoor playground.The natural environment contains rich and novel natural elements and provides children with multiple sensory experiences and adventure opportunities.Therefore,activities in the natural environment are creative and can promote the positive development of children’s cognition,emotion,and character.Children’s long-term and frequent contact with nature boosts the comprehensive development of their bodies,minds,and spirit.Facing children’s alienation from nature,researchers and educators can reconnect children with nature by creating natural areas in schools and communities and by implementing abundant forms of nature-based education.By returning back to the natural environment to play and learn,children can enhance their connection with nature,decrease unhealthy behaviors,and promote environment protection behaviors.