船舶碰撞损伤临界态势界定研究

Definition of critical situation for ship-ship collision damage

船舶碰撞往往会造成严重的损伤或损失。船舶在实际航行中,若碰撞不可避免,驾驶员应尽量调整至合适的碰撞态势(包括速度和角度),以减少碰撞损伤或损失。因此,需研究船舶碰撞不同态势下的损伤,并界定其临界态势。本文以两艘10000吨级单舷侧结构散货船为研究对象,以不同的速度、角度设计多个数值仿真试验工况,基于MSC.Dytran对船舶最危险的区间段进行有限元仿真分析,同时结合正交设计、改进后的BP-GA算法,建立综合指标,而确定其临界速度和角度值,并提出减少碰撞损伤和损失的建议,以指导船舶驾驶员如何应急操纵。结果表明船尾机舱段为最危险碰撞区间段,在此基础上得出临界碰撞速度值为2253 mm/s,并得出临界碰撞角度随实际碰撞速度的变化趋势。研究成果可为船舶碰撞态势的选择提供理论参考,并为船舶驾驶员在紧急情况下的应急避碰提供实践指导。

The collision of ships often leads to serious damage or loss.If a collision is unavoidable in reality,in order to reduce the damage and loss,the ship operator should adjust the ship to be at a proper collision situation(including speed and angle).Therefore,it is of significance to study the damage of ship collision under different situations and determine the critical situation.Taking two 10000 DWT single-hull side structural bulk carriers as the research objects,several numerical simulation conditions including different speeds and angles are designed and the finite element simulation of the most dangerous zone is analyzed by MSC.Dytran.Meanwhile,the final critical velocity and angle values are determined by establishing the comprehensive index and using the orthogonal design and improved BP-GA algorithm.In addition,suggestions about how to reduce the damage and loss of collision in case of emergency are given to the ship operators.The result indicates that the engine-room section of the stern is the most dangerous zone in a ship collision,where collision should be avoided,on the basis of which,the research result shows that the critical velocity of 2253 mm/s and the changing trend of the critical collision angle with the actual collision velocity are obtained.The outcome of this study provides the theoretical reference for the selection of ship collision situation and provides the practical guidance for the collision avoidance of ship operators in emergency situations.