非核心企业反向知识溢出研究——基于开放式创新视角的系统动力学分析

Reverse Knowledge Spillover of Non-core Enterprises——System Dynamics Analysis based on the Perspective of Open Innovation

反向知识溢出是创新生态系统内知识转移的重要组成部分,然而,反向知识溢出的引导机制、传导路径以及影响尚未明晰。文章基于核心、非核心企业的性质阐述了反向知识溢出机理,构建了反向知识溢出的系统动力学模型,针对不同企业的角色定位进行了多种情景拓展。借助Vensim PLE展开仿真模拟,结果显示,创新生态系统内创新开放程度越高越有利于非核心企业反向知识溢出的发生;竞争型核心企业与寻求庇佑型非核心企业“搭档”最有利于反向知识溢出的发生,但非核心企业容易被核心企业拉开知识差距从而陷入“知识能力陷阱”;防守型核心企业与主动进攻型非核心企业“搭档”容易遏制反向知识溢出的发生,但存在非核心企业赶超核心企业的阈值点。基于以上结论,文章提出了政府、核心企业与非核心企业三个视角的发展建议,为企业层面构建创新生态系统提供了理论支撑。

Reverse knowledge spillover is an important part of knowledge transfer in the innovation ecosystem.However,the guiding mechanism,conduction path and impact of reverse knowledge spillover are not yet clear.The reverse knowledge spillover mechanism is expounded in the paper based on the nature of core and non-core enterprises;a system dynamics model of reverse knowledge spillover is constructed;various scenarios for different roles are carried out.With Vensim PLE,the simulation results show that the higher the degree of innovation in the system contains,the more favorable the non-core enterprise reverse knowledge spillover happens;the competitive core enterprise and the seeking partner of the non-core enterprise are the most favorable for the reverse knowledge spillovers occur,but non-core companies are easily caught up in the“knowledge ability trap”by core enterprises;defensive core companies and active offensive non-core companies“partners”are easy to curb the occurrence of reverse knowledge spillovers,but existing non-core companies catch up with the threshold points of core enterprises.Based on the above conclusions,the development proposals of the government,core enterprises and non-core enterprises as three perspectives are proposed,which provides theoretical support for the construction of innovation ecosystem at the enterprise level.