信息社会的隐私权利主张与司法回应--基于隐私侵权案由裁判文书的内容分析

Right Claims and Judicial Attitudes of Privacy in Information Society--A Content Analysis of Privacy Infringement Judgments

本文旨在研究信息社会的隐私权司法实践问题。通过北大法宝上隐私侵权为案由的民事案件判决书展开全数据库搜集,本文得到可分析的案例共计858例。本文认为,裁判文书体现了原告、被告和法院三方对话,原被告双方对话呈现出人们的权利主张,而法院的裁判则一定程度上反映出当下我国司法实践中的隐私权保护态度。通过编码和内容分析,本文发现,信息社会人们的隐私认识与时俱进,隐私焦虑无处不在,但人们通过侵权责任法主张隐私权的能力受到诸多限制:人们害怕无处不在的摄像头监视监听,但对信息社会中其他个人信息交换行为、痕迹信息的获取行为和无所不在但隐形不可见的监视却缺乏举证能力,针对熟人实施的"看得见的伤害"是人们通过民事案件所仅能主张隐私权;而法院在隐私侵权民事案件的审理中表现出平衡各种法益的保守态势,总体上依然以传统的隐私侵权认识为基础,保护显然已经发生巨大改变的隐私权。由此本文提出,信息社会隐私权的保护仅依靠民法和侵权责任法已经过于单薄无力。

This paper aims to study the privacy practices of the information society. Through a large-scale collection of civil case judgments of privacy infringement on PKUlaw, a total of 858 cases were obtained, and the contents analysis of these judgments were did. We assume the judgment is a three-way dialogue between the plaintiff, the defendant and the court. The dialogues between plaintiffs and defendants show people’s rights claims, and the court’s judgment reflects their privacy protection attitude. The study found that people’s privacy awareness is advancing with the times and privacy anxiety also grows, but people’s ability to claim privacy through tort law is limited: they are afraid of the ubiquitous camera surveillance, but they lack evidence to sue or win when other personal information exchange behaviors, the acquisition of trace information and the ubiquitous but invisible surveillance happen. The "visible harm" implemented by acquaintances is that people can only claim privacy through civil cases. The court’s trial of privacy infringement civil cases shows a conservative trend of balancing various legal interests. In general, it still relies on the traditional privacy infringement awareness to protect the privacy rights that have obviously changed dramatically. Therefore, this paper proposes that the protection of the privacy right of the information society is too weak if only based on the civil law and tort liability law.