智障儿童家庭对志愿者服务需求的质性研究

Volunteers’ service demands of families with intellectual disabled children:a qualitative study

[目的]调查智障儿童家庭的服务需求,为智障儿童志愿者服务模式的构建提供参考依据。[方法]2018年3月—6月,采用目的抽样法选取天津市某3所培智学校的13名智障儿童的主要照顾者进行半结构式的深度访谈,根据质性研究的现象学分析法进行资料分析和主题提炼。[结果]智障儿童家庭对志愿者服务的需求迫切,包括同伴支持的需求、专业性知识与技能支持的需求、社会尊重与社会融合的需求。[结论]建议根据智障儿童家庭的需求构建智障儿童“1+1+1”志愿者服务新模式(1个社区志愿者+1个医学院校青年志愿者+1个帮扶智障儿童),形成一支医学专业志愿者和社区志愿者相融合的专门服务于智障儿童的公益志愿者团队,以期保证志愿者服务项目可持续发展及给予智障儿童家庭更科学、有效的精准化志愿者服务。

Objective:To investigate the volunteers’service demands of families with intellectual disabled children,in order to provide a reference for the construction of volunteer service model for children with intellectual disability.Methods:From March 2018 to June 2018,a semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted among the 13 main caregivers of children with intellectual disability,who were selected from three special schools in Tianjin by objective sampling method.Based on the phenomenological analysis of qualitative research,the subject was analyzed and refined.Results:Families with intellectual disabled children were in urgent need of volunteer services,including peer friendship support,professional knowledge and skills support,social respect and social integration.Conclusion:It is suggested to build a new volunteer service model of"1+1+1"for children with intellectual disability based on the needs of families with intellectual disabled children(one community volunteer,one youth volunteer of medical college and one intellectual disable child),and form a public volunteer team that integrates medical professional volunteers and community volunteers to provide services for children with intellectual disability,so as to ensure the sustainable development of volunteer service projects and give families with intellectual disabled children more scientific and effective precision volunteer service.