论中国戏曲中的“超视界”演述现象

On the“Horizontverschmelzung”Narrative in Chinese Xiqu

"超视界"演述是指中国古代戏曲中明显超出剧中人物生平经历、感知范围、生活体验的一种独特的存在,其实质是剧作家巧借演述者"声口"传达自己的创作意图、"隐身"参与剧场主体之间审美交流互动,使剧场主体实现"视界交融"而行之有效的一种编剧桥段。中国古代戏曲中的"超视界"演述形式主要有四:剧作家有意让剧中人念诵后世诗文以激活观众的"前理解",剧作家有意让前代人物用后世典故以激活观众的接受"视界",剧作家巧借剧中人物之口"预述"剧情以引发观众的"审美期待",剧中人不在现场也能知道当时发生之事以推进演述进程。"超视界"演述形式充分体现了中国戏曲原创性和和合性的特色。

“Horizontverschmelzung”narrative refers to a unique existence in Chinese Xiqu that clearly exceeds the life experience and the perception range of the characters.It is an effective creation method by which the playwright skillfully conveys his creation purpose with the“voice”of the performer,and invisibly participates in the aesthetic exchanges and interactions between the main subjects of the theatre,so as to bring about Horizontverschmelzung to the theatre subjects.There are four main forms of Horizontverschmelzung experience of the characters in Xiqu.Firstly,the playwright deliberately has the characters recite the poems of the later generations to activate the“pre-understanding”of the audience.Secondly,the playwright deliberately lets the predecessors use the later generation allusion to activate the audience's acceptance of the“vision”.Thirdly,the playwright skillfully“previews plot”with the mouth of the characters in the play to arouse the audience's“aesthetic expectation”.Finally,characters who are not present at the scene can also know what is happening at that time to advance the narrative process.The Horizontverschmelzung performance form fully demonstrates the originality and the harmony of Xiqu.