公众自救互救知识和技能的掌握现状与需求分析

Current situation and demand analysis of the public's knowledge and skills of self-help and mutual rescue

目的了解公众对自救互救知识和技能的掌握情况及相关需求,为开展自救互救知识和技能培训提供参考和依据.方法通过问卷星网站平台发放调查问卷,调查广东省内和部分省外各地区公众自救互救知识和技能的掌握现状与需求.问卷内容包括被调查者的基本信息、急救互救技能培训现状和培训需求三部分,共计30个条目.结果共收到有效问卷1018份,其中广东省内占74.36%,省外占25.64%;参加过急救科普培训者285名(占28.0%);在接受过急救科普培训者中,以20~29岁、30~39岁人群最多,占50.53%(144名),60~69岁人群仅占1.40%(4名).培训项目方面,曾接受过心肺复苏(CPR)培训[264名(92.63%)]、止血包扎[170名(占59.65%)]、伤口处理[143名(占50.18%)]者较多.培训方式主要是学校或单位组织讲座[163名(占57.19%)]、医护人员专业培训[146名(占51.23%)],但自评价为熟悉掌握相关知识者仅74名(占25.96%);未参加过科普培训的原因主要是没有培训机会[654名(占89.22%)].对不同受教育程度、不同职业人群接受急救培训的现状进行分析显示,学历越高,接受急救科普培训率越高,政府机构人员[40.48%(17/42)]、教师[37.74%(40/106)]和学生[32.54%(96/295)]接受急救科普培训率较高,退休老人[15.00%(6/40)]、农民[9.09%(1/11)]和商人[6.38%(3/47)]接受急救科普培训率较低.自救互救知识和技能培训需求方面,公众更希望在医疗单位或社区等场所接受来自于医疗单位、医学院校等专业机构和专业人员的培训,更倾向现场理论+实践操作的培训方式,更希望掌握CPR等10个项目的自救互救知识和技能.根据本次调查,公众参加急救培训的目的主要是帮助家人[883名(86.74%)]、帮助他人[873名(85.76%)]和救自己[843名(82.81%)].被调查者均表示,不能提供现场急救的主要原因是无实战经验[780名(76.62%)]、能力不足[770名(75.64%)]、无法律保障[421名(占41.36%)].95.87%(976名)的人表示,如果通过培训掌握相关急救知识和技能愿意提供现场急救措施.结论我国公众急救知识仍皇现"双低一失衡"现象,公众自救互救知识和技能亟需加强,需搭建自救互救科普教育平台,全面提升公众自救互救能力和水平.

Objective To understand the public's mastery and related needs of self-help and mutual rescue knowledge and skills,and to provide reference and basis for carrying out the knowledge and skill training of self-rescue and mutual rescue.Methods Questionnaires had been distributed through a questionnaire website called WenJuanXing to investigate the current situation and demand of public self-help and mutual rescue knowledge and skills inside and outside Guangdong Province.The questionnaire included the basic information of the respondents,status quo of first aid and mutual aid skills training and training needs,with totally 30 items.Results A total of 1018 valid questionnaires were received,of which 74.36%were in Guangdong province and 25.64%were outside Guangdong province.There were 285 respondents(28.0%)who had participated in the first aid science popularization training;Among those who had received the first aid science popularization training,people aged 20-29 and 30-39 were the most,accounting for 50.53%(144),while people aged 60-69 only accounted for 1.40%(4).In terms of training items,most people had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)training[264(92.63%)],hemostatic dressing[170(59.65%)],and wound treatment[143(50.18%)].The main training methods were lectures organized by the school/unit[163(57.19%)]and professional training by medical staff[146(51.23%)].However,only 74 respondents(25.96%)rated themselves as familiar with relevant knowledge.The main reason for not participating in science popularization training was lack of training opportunities[654(89.22%)].The analysis on the status quo of first aid training for people with different education levels and occupations showed that the higher the education level,the higher the rate of receiving first aid science training.A higher percentage of government personnel[40.48%(17/42)],teachers[37.74%(40/106)]and students[32.54%(96/295)]received first aid popular science training,while the percentage of retirees[15.00%(6/40)],farmers[9.09%(1/11)]and businessmen[6.38%(3/47)]receiving first-aid popular science training was lower.In the part of self-help and mutual rescue knowledge and skills training needs,the public were more willing to receive training from medical units,medical colleges and other professional training institutions in places such as medical units or communities.They were more inclined to field theory+practical operation training,and they were more willing to master the self-help and mutual rescue knowledge and skills of CPR and other 10 projects.According to the survey,the public participated in the first aid training mainly to help their families[883(86.74%)],others[873(85.76%)]and themselves[843(82.81%)].Respondents all said that the main reasons for not being able to provide first aid on the spot were lack of actual combat experience[780(76.62%)]and insufficient ability[770(75.64%)],and without legal protection[421(41.36%)].If they mastered the relevant first aid knowledge and skills through training,976 respondents(95.87%)were willing to provide on-site first aid.Conclusions The public's first aid knowledge in China still presents the phenomenon of"double low and one imbalance".The public's knowledge and skills of self-help and mutual rescue are in urgent need of strengthening.It is necessary to build a popular science education platform for self-help and mutual assistance,and comprehensively improve the public's ability and level of self-help and mutual assistance.