明清时期的林业经济与山区社会——福建永泰契约文书研究

Forestry Economy and Local Society of Mountain Areas in Ming and Qing Periods--Investigating Contracts from Yongtai County

主要依据福建永泰县的现存契约文书,考察明清时期的林业经济与山区社会。在永泰县的山区开发进程中,土著家族依据里甲户籍与赋役制度,控制了当地的山林资源,而外来移民则通过租借山场,发展多元化的林业经济。由于土客之间的矛盾冲突,促使当地民众聚众自保,形成了庄、寨合一的山区聚落形态。随着外来移民的在地化,家族与村社组织普遍发展,形成了乡、族结合的社会文化传统。

Primarily based on extant contracts from Yongtai County,Hokkien,this article investigates the forestry economy and local society of the mountain areas in Ming and Qing periods.In the process of the development of these regions,local lineages controlled the mountain resources based on the Lijia(“里甲”)household register and the tax and service system.Immigrants developed a diversified forestry economy through leasing hillsides.The conflicts between locals and immigrants led to the congregation of the local people for self-protection,and formed the mountain settlement pattern that combined villas and fortresses.With the localization of immigrants,the development of lineages and organizations in the villages became popular,and formed a social-cultural tradition that merged village communities and lineages.