山西兴县碧村遗址石器研究

A study of stone artifacts excavated at the Bicun site in Xingxian county

我国新石器考古研究者往往将更多的注意力集中在磨制石器上,如近年兴起的对磨制石器的制作过程实验性研究及功能探讨,但对旧石器时代的打制石器很少给予足够地重视。本文通过对地处晋西黄土高原龙山时期的碧村遗址2015年来发现的打制石器和部分磨制石器的观察与初步研究发现,打制石器虽是碧村遗址众多手工业中的一个小项,但其存在表明了石器文化传统有着强劲的生命力——从旧石器时代一直延续至新石器时代的龙山时期,狩猎采集也是龙山时期晋西黄土高原人类的辅助性生计方式。

In China,neolithic archaeologists spend more time studying the grinding stone tools.For instance,some researchers have focused on their fabrication process and use of the grinding stone tools recently.However the study on the hammering stone artifacts have been ignored although a number of them were found in the neolithic sites,especially the Longshan time sites.In this paper we made an observation of all the stone artifacts excavated at the Bicun site,especially analyzed the hammering stones,which were excavated in Xingxian county,Shanxi province during 2015 to 2017.It is characterized with abundant flakes and fragments,as well as tools including a variety of scrapers,bifaces,arrow-heads and awls.Flakes were preferred to be chosen for retouching into tools.Bifaces were too highly retouched to recognize the blanks.Hard hammer percussion was used in reductions and retouching,and suppression was used in retouching as well.The griding stone axes also could be used as hammers.Raw materials were selected from near the Yellow River and Weifen river beaches.Producing stone artifacts is only a small item of handicraft industry,and it has declined,but the existence showed a strong vitality of the small stone tool cultural tradition.Some tools such as arrow-heads and points indicated that hunt-gathering was an auxiliary living way.