何为尼采“虚无主义”的隐微义

The Esoteric Meaning of Nietzsche’ Nihilism

把尼采虚无主义的隐微论含义解释为"万事皆空,一切皆无",有三种可能性。这三种可能性都是不能成立的。第一种可能是:能站在整个宇宙的角度和高度看待人间之事的万能之神,会把人之追求视为无意义之事,永恒轮回意味着一切皆无的彻底虚无。第二种可能是:一个理论上可以设想的沿着创造性之路穷尽无限可能的超人面对自己所经历的一切发出"万事皆空,一切相同,一切俱往"之论。第三种可能是:把超人理解为不惜最卑劣地把他人当做实现自我目的的纯粹手段,甚至不惜杀戮的恶魔之人,像陀思妥耶夫斯基《罪与罚》中未醒悟前的拉斯柯尔尼科夫。实际上,个体的真实存在和作为是尼采判断虚无主义的现实基础,立足于神或能够达到创造性顶峰的超人来思考,绝非尼采的现实判断,反而是最无能者的虚妄想象。尼采的超人绝非把他人当做肥料、材料随意使用的拉斯柯尔尼科夫,而是必须担当大任、并给大多数普通人所使用的思维方式、行为方式保留正当性和自然性空间的智慧者。尼采虚无主义隐微义只能是:根据人的不同资质和能力呈现不同层次上的无根和真实。

There are three possible argumentations to interpret the esoteric meaning of Nietzsche’s nihilism as " nothing comes of nothing and nothing exists". But all of them are infeasible. The first one is: The almighty God, who views the man’s world from a universal perspective, would see the pursuing of men as meaningless, for they are in the eternal recurrence, which means the absolute nihilistic state. The second one is: After a theoretically conceived superman exhausted all the possibilities on the road of creation, he would comment his experience as "nothing comes from nothing". The third one is: Regarding the superman as someone who ignobly and purely uses, or even kills other people when needed to achieve his goal, just like illusioned Raskolnikov, the figure of Dostoyevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment. As a matter of fact, based on the real existence and act of individual, Nietzsche verdicts the nihilism. And it is the incapable’s illusion rather than Nietzsche’s judgement that man can think like God or a superman who is capable of making everything happen. For Nietzsche, a superman is not someone like Raskolnikov. The former never arbitrarily and instrumentally treats others and he should rather be a wise who takes responsibilities and gives the common majority some room to think and act rightfully and naturally. Therefore, the esoteric meaning of Nietzsche’s nihilism could only be: according to the variety of people’s quality and ability to display to them the rootless and truth of the world on different levels.