寻找失落的“精神”——从《刑法》第20条第3款的适用范围反思刑法的立法价值

Rethinking the Legislative Value of Criminal Law from the Scope of Article 20, Paragraph 3 of the Criminal Law

对于严重侵犯公民精神性人身权利的非法拘禁、强制侮辱等犯罪行为,能否依据《刑法》第20条第3款实施特殊防卫?刑法教义学持否定回答。但学术界和实务界却都有分歧,既然教义学已有明确的答案,那么,产生分歧的原因就不在第3款之内,而是因为刑法整体上把侵犯精神性人身权利的诸罪都定为轻罪。这凸显了刑法在立法价值上,不自觉地受到了近代西方重财产轻人格之价值观的影响,不重视对名誉、自由等精神性人身权利的保护。我国刑法在立法价值上需要积极响应社会价值的变迁,强化对精神性人身权利的保护,实现立法价值与社会价值的良性互动。

For criminal acts such as illegal detention and compulsory insults that seriously infringe upon the spiritual personal rights of citizens, can special defense be implemented in accordance with Article 20,paragraph 3, of the Criminal Law? The doctrine of criminal law holds a negative answer. However, there are differences in the theoretical and practical circles. Since there is a clear answer in doctrinal theory, the reason for the differences is not paragraph 3 itself, but because the criminal law as a whole condemns all violations of spiritual personal rights as misdemeanors. This highlights the criminal law’ s legislative value, which is unconsciously influenced by the values of modern Western values of wealth and personality, does not attach importance to the protection of moral and personal rights such as reputation and freedom. China’s criminal law needs to actively respond to changes in social values in terms of legislative values, strengthen the protection of spiritual personal rights, and achieve a positive interaction between legislative and social values.