世界而非东亚的鲁迅——鲁迅与法兰西文化谈片

Lu Xun Belongs to the World More Than to East Asia--On Lu Xun and French Culture

鲁迅对文艺复兴以来拉丁语系的意大利和法兰西文明的认识,其系统性和深度明显超过他对东北欧诸弱小民族(主要是斯拉夫语系文学)的译介。鲁迅关注法兰西文明,重点在文艺,也兼顾科学技术、政治历史和思想学术。他关心法国现代科技背后的人文思想,反思"法兰西革命"之后个人与群体的关系,关心当代法国政治(包括法国在北非殖民地的政策),留意法国文化人的政治立场,从中获得对现代中国知识分子有益的启迪。鲁迅并非法国文学专家,也不通法语,但他毕生关心法国文学,零星的译介积少成多。他对卢梭、雨果、波德莱尔、罗曼·罗兰、法朗士、安德烈·纪德、德哥派拉等法国作家的理解相当深入。他在现代创作版画方面的"拿来"和"送去",更是中法文艺交流史上辉煌的一页。梳理鲁迅与法兰西文明的关系,有利于突破过去将鲁迅囿于中国或东亚的狭隘视野,更清楚地看出"世界鲁迅"的大气象。

The system and depth of Lu Xun’ s knowledge of Italian and French civilization since Renaissance is obviously exceeding his translation and introduction of the Eastern and Northern European weak nations, mainly the Slavic literature. He pays much concern to French civilization, with emphasis on literature and art, and science and technology, political history and ideological academy as well. He notices the humanistic ideas in French modern science and technology, reflects the relationship between individual and community after French Revolution, the contemporary French politics including French policy on its Northern African colonies, and the political position of French cultural figures, from which he acquires his beneficial revelations for Chinese intellectuals. Lu Xun is neither an expert of French literature, nor a French speaker, but he is interested in French literature all his life by odd translation. He has a deep understanding of Rousseau, Hugo, Boudelaire, Roman Roland, Anatole France, and Gide, etc. In the art field of modern woodcut picture, he engages in "in-taking" and "sending-out", which is a brilliant success in the history of Chinese-French interchange of literature and art. Making clear Lu Xun’s relationship to French civilization can help see a big picture of a "Lu Xun of the world" out of the previous narrow view that restrict him to China and the East Asia.