农村老年人日常活动能力、社会支持与孤独感的关系:一般自我效能的中介作用

Relationship among activity of daily life, social support and loneliness in rural elderly: mediating effects of general self-efficacy

目的探索一般自我效能在农村老年人日常活动能力、社会支持与孤独感之间的中介作用。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取样本。利用日常活动能力量表(ADL)、孤独感量表(ULS-6)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)和自制问卷开展调查。应用SPSS 24.0和AMOS 21.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,农村老年人的日常活动能力、社会支持与一般自我效能呈显著负相关(r=-0.265,rD1=-0.206,rD2=-0.221,P<0.001),与孤独感呈正相关(r=0.142,rD1=0.173,rD2=0.187,P<0.001);一般自我效能与孤独感呈负相关(r=-0.240,P<0.001)。中介模型表明,一般自我效能在日常活动能力与孤独感之间的中介作用显著(95%CI为0.029~0.047),中介效应比例为33.33%;在社会支持与孤独感之间也存在显著的中介作用(95%CI为0.034~0.054),中介效应比例为14.81%。结论农村老年人的一般自我效能在日常活动能力、社会支持与孤独感之间均起到部分中介作用。

Objective To explore the mediating effects of general self-efficacy in the relationship among activity of daily life, social support and loneliness in rural elderly. Methods Objects were chosen with multi-stage stratified random sampling and surveyed with Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL), Loneliness Scale(ULS-6), General Self-efficacy Scale(GSES)and a self-developed questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that activity of daily life and social support were negatively correlated with general self-efficacy(r=-0.265, rD1=-0.206, rD2=-0.221, P<0.001), but positively correlated with loneliness(r=0.142, rD1=0.173, rD2=0.187, P<0.001);general self-efficacy was negatively correlated with loneliness(r=-0.240, P<0.001). The mediating effect model showed that general self-efficacy had a significant mediating effect on activity of daily life and loneliness(95%CI:0.029-0.047), and the proportion of mediating effect was 33.33%;general self-efficacy had a significant mediating effect on social support and loneliness(95%CI: 0.034-0.054), and the proportion of mediating effect was 14.81%. Conclusion General self-efficacy has mediating effects on activity of daily life, social support and loneliness among rural elderly.