农业结构调整对农业全要素生产率增长的影响效应

Effect of agricultural structural adjustment on the growth of agricultural total factor productivity

【目的】在边际报酬递减规律与资源环境的共同约束下,依靠要素投入推动农业增长不可持续,因此,不断提高农业全要素生产率(TFP)对中国农业可持续增长尤其重要。【方法】采用乘积完备(multiplicatively complete)的Hicks-Moorsteen全要素生产率指数,将中国农业全要素生产率增长彻底分解为技术进步、技术效率变化、规模效率变化和混合效率变化,农业结构调整通过改变混合效率,进而影响农业全要素生产率增长。【结果】从时间维度上看,仅1992-1997年混合效率变化为农业全要素生产率增长贡献了0.5个百分点,即该时期农业结构调整促进了农业全要素生产率增长。从地区维度上看,仅东部地区混合效率变化为东部地区农业全要素生产率增长贡献了0.4个百分点,即东部地区农业结构调整推动了东部地区农业全要素生产率增长。中国农业全要素生产率增长主要来自技术进步,农业结构调整对农业全要素生产率增长的影响效应在时空上存在较大差异。【结论】农业结构应根据市场需求、资源禀赋和比较优势进行调整,才能提高混合效率,进而推动农业全要素生产率增长。

[Objective]Under the common constraints of the law of diminishing marginal returns and the resource environment,relying on factor inputs to promote agricultural growth is not sustainable.Therefore,continuous improvement of agricultural total factor productivity(TFP)is particularly important for the sustainable growth of China’s agriculture.[Method]Using the multiplicatively complete Hicks-Moorsteen TFP index,China’s agricultural total factor productivity growth is completely decomposed into technological progress,technological efficiency changes,scale efficiency changes and mixed efficiency changes.The adjustment of agricultural structure affects the growth of agricultural TFP by changing mixed efficiency.[Result]From the time dimension,only the change of mixed efficiency between 1992-1997 contributed 0.5 percent to the growth of agricultural TFP,that is,the adjustment of agricultural structure during this period promoted the growth of agricultural TFP.From the regional perspective,only the mixed efficiency change in the eastern region contributed 0.4 percent to the growth of agricultural TFP in the eastern region,that is,the adjustment of agricultural structure in the eastern region promoted the growth of agricultural TFP in the eastern region.The growth of agricultural TFP in China mainly comes from technological progress.The effects of agricultural restructuring on the growth of agricultural TFP are comparatively different by time and space.[Conclusion]The agricultural structure should be adjusted according to market demand,resource endowment and comparative advantage,in order to improve the mixed efficiency and promote the growth of agricultural TFP.