论自动驾驶汽车交通事故致人损害的民事责任

On Civil Liability for Damage Caused by Automatic Driving Car Traffic Accident

自动驾驶系统虽然在现阶段尚不具有民事主体资格,但其特殊性决定了自动驾驶汽车交通事故致人损害的民事责任不完全等同于传统机动车交通事故侵权责任。根据自动驾驶系统是否存在缺陷,此种责任可分别成立机动车交通事故侵权责任和产品责任。就前者而言,自动化程度的不同决定了责任主体也有所不同,其或者是人类驾驶员,或者是人类驾驶员与生产者,或者是所涉各方当事人。就后者而言,其责任主体不仅包括自动驾驶汽车的生产者和销售者,还包括编程者、设计者等人员。由于自动驾驶系统的智能性,上述责任在责任构成和免责事由等方面也具有一定的特殊性。

Although the automatic driving system does not have alegal personality at present,its particularity determines that the civil liability for the damage caused by the auto traffic accident is not equal to the traditional motor vehicle traffic accident tort liability.According to whether there is a defect in the autopilot system,such liability can be established separately for motor vehicle traffic accident tort liability and product liability.In the former case,the degree of automation determines that the subject of responsibility is also different.It can be a human driver,a human driver and producer,or the parties involved.In the latter case,the subject of responsibility includes not only manufacturers and sellers of self-driving cars,but also programmers,designers,and other personnel.Due to the intelligence of the autopilot system,the responsibilities mentioned above also have certain particularity in terms of liability constitution and exemption.