某山区县城学龄前儿童感觉统合失调及其影响因素研究

Sensory integration disorder and its related factors among preschool children in amontanic county of Hubei province

目的了解湖北省某山区县城学龄前儿童感觉统合失调(SID)状况及其影响因素,为该地学龄前儿童感觉统合失调的干预提供科学依据。方法2017年10-11月采用整群抽样,将该县城区划分为东、西、南、北、中5个区,每个区随机抽取1个幼儿园。对抽中的幼儿园3~6岁儿童进行半结构化问卷调查,包括感觉统合能力发展评定量表和基本情况。采用多元Logistic回归模型进行危险因素分析。结果710名儿童中有396名存在感觉统合失调,患病率为55.8%(轻度30.3%,重度25.5%)。男童和女童相比感觉统合失调差异有统计学意义(χ^2=10.688,P<0.05)。在多因素分析中,控制了其他混杂因素后,男童感觉统合失调风险较女童更大(OR=1.636,95%CI:1.177~2.273,P=0.003),膳食情况中吃零食(OR=1.672,95%CI:1.158~2.412,P=0.006)、挑食(OR=1.535,95%CI:1.097~2.147,P=0.012)是SID的危险因素;爱运动是SID的保护因素(OR=0.460,95%CI:0.253~0.836,P=0.011)。随着年龄的增加感觉统合失调的风险越小(OR=0.769,95%CI:0.632~0.934,P=0.008)。结论本研究显示山区县城学龄前儿童感觉统合失调与性别、年龄、儿童饮食习惯及运动状况相关,应对不同性别、年龄段学龄前儿童采取针对性的防控措施。

Objective To investigate the status of sensory integration disorder(SID)and its related factors among preschool children in a montanic county of Hubei province,in order to provide scientific basis for the intervention of SID among preschool children in this area.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select five kindergartens from east,west,south,north and middle of the county from October to November 2017.Semi-structured questionnaires were conducted in children aged 3 to 6 years,including the Scale for the Development of Sensory Integration and its basic information.Multivariate Logistic regression model was adopted to analyze risk factors for SID.Results Among the 710 children,396 had SID,with the prevalence rate of 55.8%(mild 30.3%,severe 25.5%).There was significant difference on SID rate between boys and girls(χ^2=10.688,P<0.05).After adjusting some confounding factors,Multi-factor analysis showed that boys(OR=1.636,95%CI:1.177-2.273,P=0.003),eating snacks(OR=1.672,95%CI:1.158-2.412,P=0.006),picky eating behavior(OR=1.535,95%CI:1.097-2.147,P=0.012)were risk factors for SID,while loving sport was a protective factor for SID(OR=0.460,95%CI:0.253-0.836,P=0.011).Meanwhile,the risk for SID increased with the increasing of age(OR=0.769,95%CI=0.632-0.934,P=0.008).Conclusions SID of preschool children in montanic county is associated with sex,age,eating habits and exercise status.So it is supposed to give targeted prevention and control measures for preschool children in different sex and age groups.