乌鲁木齐市早产儿在2岁内发生营养性缺铁性贫血与性别和民族的关系

Relationship between nutritional iron deficiency anemia and gender with nationality in premature infants aged 2 years in Urumqi

目的了解早产儿发育至0~2岁时发生营养性缺铁性贫血(IDA)的状况,分析引起IDA的相关因素。方法选择乌鲁木齐市2015年6月-2016年12月出生并且在乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院定期进行系统保健及管理的208例早产儿作为研究对象,0~岁组早产儿、1~2岁组早产儿分别在6、18个月时进行全血五分类及微量元素的检测。按照性别和族别比较各年龄组早产儿发生IDA的状况。结果 0~岁组早产儿IDA发生率高于1~2岁组早产儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男婴早产儿IDA的发生率、铁缺乏检出率与女婴早产儿比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但小细胞低色素性贫血的发生率,女婴早产儿高于男婴早产儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各民族早产儿IDA和小细胞低色素性贫血的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),铁缺乏检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中哈萨克族发生率最高,为44.44%。结论 0~岁组早产儿更易发生IDA。预防和减少早产儿IDA的发生应因地制宜制定统一的元素铁营养补充计划,加强对少数民族家长进行儿童健康、科学喂养与营养宣教。

Objectives To investigate the condition of iron deficiency anemia(IDA) in premature infants from 0 to 2 years old,and to investigate the related factors of IDA. Methods Totally 208 premature infants born in Urumqi city from June 2015 to December 2016 were selected as the subjects of the study.Premature infants from 0 to 12 months and those old from 1 to 2 months old were tested for total blood type 5 and trace elements at 6 months and 18 months old respectively.The incidence of IDA among premature infants was compared by age,sex and ethnicity. Results The incidence of IDA in children under one year old was higher than that of premature infants aged 1 to 2 years(P<0.05).There were no significant differences on the IDA incidence and iron deficiency rate between female and male premature infants(P>0.05) However,the incidence of small cell hypopigmentation in female premature infants were higher than that in male premature infants,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no significant differences on the incidence of IDA and small cytochrome in preterm infants of different ethnic groups(P>0.05).The differences on iron deficiency rate were statistically significant among different ethnic groups(P<0.05),of which the Kazakh incidence rate was the highest(44.44%). Conclusions Premature infants are more prone to IDA.To prevent and reduce the occurrence of IDA in premature infants,a unified ferrum nutritional supplement plan should be formulated according to local conditions,and children′s health,scientific feeding and nutrition education should be strengthened for parents of ethnic minorities.