儿童神经母细胞瘤临床诊疗的研究进展

Progress in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Neuroblastoma

神经母细胞瘤是婴儿、孩童时期常见的颅外实体肿瘤疾病,具有异质性高、生物学行为复杂、分子特征多样等特点,不同患儿发病后的临床差异较大,疾病可自行痊愈、自然退化或迅速发展。近年来,随着临床对儿童神经母细胞瘤研究的不断深入,儿童神经母细胞瘤的诊断与治疗已经进入到新的分子生物学时代,儿童神经母细胞瘤的早期筛查、准确诊断及合理治疗等诸多相关方面均有不同的进展,相较于既往的诊断与治疗经验均有优化。目前诊断儿童神经母细胞瘤的方法包括常规诊断、基因分子生物学诊断、基因检测等,而治疗常采用化疗、放疗、免疫治疗及造血干细胞移植等,各具优缺点。

Neuroblastoma is a common extracranial solid tumor disease in infants and children. It has the characteristics of high heterogeneity,complex biological behaviors and diverse molecular features. The clinical differences in different children after onset are large,and the disease may heal itself,naturally degenerate or develop rapidly. In recent years,with the deepening of the clinical research,the diagnosis and treatment have entered a new era of molecular biology. Early screening,accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment have all made developments,which are optimized compared with previous diagnostic and therapeutic experiences. At present,the main diagnostic methods include routine diagnosis,gene molecular biological diagnosis,gene detection,etc.,and the common treatment methods include chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immunotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,each with own advantages and disadvantages.