“热证用灸”的历史源流

Historical Origin of"Heat Syndrome with Moxibusion"

"热证用灸"的思想基础上溯《黄帝内经》。秦汉时期有灸法补泻理论;魏晋时期灸疗用于痈疽肿痛;隋唐时期"热证用灸"应用已从外科阳热痈肿疮疡拓展到内科急证、热证的治疗;宋金元时期"热证用灸"理论的愈加丰富,并广泛应用于临床;明清医家对前人"热证用灸"的理论和应用做了全面继承和总结,同时出现了灸、熨法和药末相结合的神灯照法、太乙神针、雷火神针,提高了灸法用于疮疡肿毒的临床疗效;近现代出现了"热证贵灸"、灸感三相、腧穴热敏化灸、动力灸法、灯火灸、脐灸等理论和方法,有助于"热证用灸"的规范化研究。一方面,历史上还有不少医家持热证禁灸的观点。"热证用灸"的临床适应证和禁忌证尚缺乏系统、完善的研究总结,限制其理论的广泛传播和应用,故在临床诊疗和研究中,应该求同存异,探索和总结其临床适应证。另一方面,随着灸法的现代化研究不断深入,应用科学手段探究灸法疗效的客观化、规范化也越来越多,这也有助于我们更加深入地理解"热证用灸"的作用机理。

The thought of"heat syndrome with moxibusion"comes from Huangdi Neiing.In Qin and Han Dynasties,there was the theory of moxibustion for reinforcing and reducing.In Wei and Jin Dynasties,moxibustion was used to treat carbuncle,swelling and pain.In Sui and Tang Dynasties,the application of"heat syndrome with moxibusion"had expanded from surgical yang heat,car-buncle,swelling and sore to the treatment of internal emergency syndrome and heat syndrome.In Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the theory of"heat syndrome with moxibusion"was more and more abundant and widely used in clinical practice.Doctors in Ming and Qing dynasties had made a comprehensive inheritance and summary of the theory and application of"heat syndrome with moxibusion".At the same time,there were Shendeng Zhao method,Taiyi Shenzhen and Leihuo Shenzhen,which were the combination of moxibustion,ironing method and medicine powder.They had improved the clinical efficacy of moxibustion in treating sore and swelling toxin.In modern times,there are many theories and methods,such as"heat syndrome can mostly use moxibustion",three phases of moxibustion,acupoint heat sensitive moxibustion,dynamic moxibustion,light moxibustion and navel moxibustion,which contribute to the standardized research of"heat syndrome with moxibusion".On the one hand,there were many doctors who held the view that moxibustion is forbidden by heat syndrome in history.Because the clinical indications and taboos of"heat syndrome with moxibusion"are lack of systematic and perfect research summary,which limits the wide spread and application of its theory,so in clinical diagnosis,treatment and research,we should seek common ground while reserving differences,explore and summarize the clinical indications;on the other hand,with the deepening of modern research on moxibustion,the application of scientific means to explore the objectification and standardization of moxibustion efficacy is more and more,which also helps us to understand the mechanism of"heat syndrome with moxibusion"more deeply。