历代医家对“调神”的认识

The Understanding of"Regulating Spirit"by Medical Experts in Past Dynasties

中医学历来重视"形神并调"。汉以前"神"的概念已经得到系统的论述,并在早期的用药中有所体现;汉代及三国时期则侧重药物调神,并形成了许多流传至今的经典调神方剂;晋代则重视针刺调神;南北朝时期则从养生的角度提出守神、养神;隋唐时期则提出"胎神"的观点,同时重视"神"在发病过程中的作用;宋代则从男女气血的不同角度来调神;金元时期则提出"脉神"的观点,并沿用至今;明清时期则结合望诊将望面色与望神相结合,并提出"舌神"的观点;民国以后则逐渐弱化了"神"在临床中的重要性。

Chinese medicine always attaches great importance of"regulating both physique and spirit".Before the Han Dynasty,the concept of"spirit"had been systematically discussed and reflected in the early use of medicine.In the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period,the emphasis was placed on regulating the spirit of medicine,and many classic prescriptions for regulating the spirit were formed.In Jin Dynasty,acupuncture was emphasized to regulate the mind.In the Northern and Southern Dynasties,the idea of keeping and nourishing the spirit was put forward from the perspective of health preservation.In Sui and Tang Dynas-ties,the concept of"fetal spirit"was put forward,and the role of"spirit"in the pathogenesis was emphasized.In Song Dynasty,qi and blood of men and women were used to regulate spirit.In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the idea of"pulse spirit"was put forward and has been used up to now.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,combinating inspection,the combination of inspecting face and in-specting spirit were combined,and the viewpoint of"tongue spirit"was put forward.After the Republic of China,the importance of"spirit"in clinical practice was gradually weakened.