区域人才聚集与高技术产业技术创新——基于行业异质的分析

Regional Talent Agglomeration and Technological Innovation in High-tech Industries--Analysis Based on Industry Heterogeneity

我国高技术产业各细分行业发展存在非均衡性,从行业异质性视角研究区域人才聚集对高技术产业创新治理具有现实指导意义。本文基于2009-2016年我国省级高技术产业面板数据,通过构建固定效应(FE)、随机效应(RE)模型以及可行广义最小二乘法(FGLS)进行实证研究,从创新成果产出和产品产出两个角度分析区域人才聚集水平对高技术产业技术创新的影响及其行业差异。结果表明:在控制了研发人员投入、研发经费投入、技术获取改造经费支出以及总资产的条件下,总体上区域人才聚集水平对高技术产业技术创新有显著促进作用,但存在明显的行业差异,其表现为不同程度的促进或抑制作用,其中对计算机及办公设备制造业和医疗仪器设备及仪器仪表制造业的促进作用显著,对医药制造业和电子及通信设备制造业的创新产品产出均存在明显的正向影响,而对航空航天器及设备制造业的创新成果产出存在显著抑制作用。

The development of each subdivision of high-tech industry in China is unbalanced.The study of regional talent aggregation from the perspective of industry heterogeneity has practical guiding significance for innovation governance of high-tech industry.Based on the panel data of provincial high-tech industries in China from 2009 to 2016,the empirical study has been conducted by constructing fixed effect(FE)and random effect(RE)models and feasible generalized least squares(FGLS),to analyze the impact of regional talent aggregation level on technological innovation of hightech industries and the industry heterogeneity from the perspective of the output of innovation achievements and product output.The results show that under the condition of controlling the R&D investment,R&D expenditures for the reform of investment,technology acquisition,and total assets,the overall regional talent aggregation plays a significant role in promoting technological innovation in high-tech industries.But obvious different effects exist between industries,which show the different degree to promote or inhibit the role,mostly on computer and office equipment manufacturing,medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing.Talent aggregation has positive impact on pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and the innovation of the electron and communication equipment manufacturing industry,but significant inhibitory effect on aviation,spacecraft and equipment manufacturing industry.